SMTP是发送邮件的协议,Python内置对SMTP的支持,可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。

Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块,email负责构造邮件,smtplib负责发送邮件。

首先,我们来构造一个最简单的纯文本邮件:

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
msg = MIMEText('hello, send by Python...', 'plain', 'utf-8')

注意到构造MIMEText对象时,第一个参数就是邮件正文,第二个参数是MIME的subtype,传入’plain’,最终的MIME就是’text/plain’,最后一定要用utf-8编码保证多语言兼容性。

然后,通过SMTP发出去:

# 输入Email地址和口令:
from_addr = raw_input('From: ')
password = raw_input('Password: ')
# 输入SMTP服务器地址:
smtp_server = raw_input('SMTP server: ')
# 输入收件人地址:
to_addr = raw_input('To: ')

import smtplib
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25) # SMTP协议默认端口是25
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()

我们用set_debuglevel(1)就可以打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息。SMTP协议就是简单的文本命令和响应。login()方法用来登录SMTP服务器,sendmail()方法就是发邮件,由于可以一次发给多个人,所以传入一个list,邮件正文是一个str,as_string()把MIMEText对象变成str。

Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件,可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱

mail_msg = """
<p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p>
<p><a href="http://www.runoob.com">这是一个链接</a></p>
"""
message = MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8')
message['From'] = Header("小测试", 'utf-8')
message['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')

subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')


try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print "邮件发送成功"
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print "Error: 无法发送邮件"

发送带附件的邮件,首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例,然后构造附件,如果有多个附件,可依次构造,最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header

sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件,可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱

#创建一个带附件的实例
message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')
message['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

#邮件正文内容
message.attach(MIMEText('这是菜鸟教程Python 邮件发送测试……', 'plain', 'utf-8'))

# 构造附件1,传送当前目录下的 test.txt 文件
att1 = MIMEText(open('test.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
# 这里的filename可以任意写,写什么名字,邮件中显示什么名字
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="test.txt"'
message.attach(att1)

# 构造附件2,传送当前目录下的 runoob.txt 文件
att2 = MIMEText(open('runoob.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="runoob.txt"'
message.attach(att2)

try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print "邮件发送成功"
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print "Error: 无法发送邮件"

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